ASJ系列剩余电流继电器在农电安全管理中的应用

Application of ASJ Series Residual Current Relay in Rural Power Safety Management

安科瑞 王冲

摘要：近年来，农村配电台区总保护器的安装率、投运率、运行合格率逐步上升，农户家用漏电保护器的安装率、投运率也得到了广泛的普及。通过狠抓剩余电流动作保护器的管理，取得了成效，通过保护器普遍的投运安装，农电触电伤亡事故大大减少，农村供电可靠性明显提高，农电设备健康状况明显好转，农村低压线损下降显著。

关键词：农村；漏电保护器；触电

Abstract: In recent years, the rate of installation, commissioning and and operation qualification rate of total protectors have gradually increased,and the installation rate and commissioning rate of household leakage protectors in rural households have also been widely popularized. By paying close attention to the management of residual current-operated protectors, results have been achieved. By the general installation of protectors, the accidents of electric shock and casualties of rural electric shocks have been greatly reduced, the reliability of rural power supply has been significantly improved, the health of rural power equipment has improved significantly, and Rural low-voltage line loss has dropped significantly.

Keywords: village; leakage protector; electric shock 

0：概述 Overview

   在低压配电系统中，直接接触电击防护采用额定动作电流不超过30mA、无延时动作的剩余电流动作保护器，作为直接接触电击保护的补充保护措施，以便在直接接触电击的基本防护措施失效时，作后备保护。这种补充防护在特殊情况下是有效防护措施，因此在GB13955-2005《剩余电流保护装置安装和运行》中明确规定，在直接接触点击防护中要安装剩余电流保护装置。

In the low-voltage power distribution system, direct contact electric shock protection adopts a residual current operated protector with a rated operating current of no more than 30mA and no delay action, as a supplementary protection measure for direct contact electric shock protection, so that it can provide backup protection when the basic protection measure for direct contact with electric shock fails.This supplementary protection is an effective protection measure under special circumstances. Therefore, it is clearly stipulated in GB13955-2005 "Residual Current Protection Device Installation and Operation" that,a residual current protection device must be installed in the direct contact and click protection.

1：采用剩余电流动作保护器保安全

Use residual current action protector to ensure safety

剩余电流保护装置在低压系统中，电气设备绝缘故障的接地短路，造成间接电击的电流值一般是很小的，不足以使系统的过电流保护装置自动切断电源。而剩余电流动作保护器是靠故障时形成的剩余电流动作的，其动作值与负荷电流无关，且只为毫安级。在规定条件下，当剩余电流动作保护器的动作电流值达到或超过给定的电流值时，能自动切断电源，通常用于故障情况下自动切断电源的防护。因此，剩余电流动作保护器可作为直接接触电击保护、间接接触电击保护，接地故障保护、电气火灾保护。

    Residual current protection devices in low-voltage systems, electrical equipment insulation fault grounding short-circuit, the current value causing indirect electric shock is generally very small, not enough to make the system's over-current protection device automatically cut off the power supply. The residual current operated protector operates on the residual current formed in the event of a fault, and its operating value has nothing to do with the load current and is only in the milliampere level. Under specified conditions, when the operating current value of the residual current-operated protector reaches or exceeds the given current value, it can automatically cut off the power supply. It is usually used to automatically cut off the power supply in the event of a fault. Therefore, the residual current operated protector can be used as direct contact electric shock protection, indirect contact electric shock protection, ground fault protection, and electrical fire protection.

2.在农电安全管理中的应用

Application in rural power safety management

1） 保障人民生命财产安全，促进社会和谐。在农村用电水平不高，农民的安全用电意识还没有得到加强，安全常识还没有普及的情况下，剩余电流动作保护器成为保障人民生命财产安全的重要技术手段，推广使用剩余电流动作保护器，也是县级供电企业加强农电安全管理，确保人民生命财产安全的有效措施。因此，加强剩余电流动作保护器的管理，确保其正确动作和可靠运行，尤显重要。

Ensure the safety of people's lives and property and promote social harmony. When the level of electricity consumption in rural areas is not high, farmers’ awareness of safe electricity use has not been strengthened, and common sense of safety has not been popularized, residual current action protectors have become an important technical means to ensure the safety of people’s lives and properties, and the use of residual current action protection has been promoted. It is also an effective measure for county-level power supply companies to strengthen the safety management of rural power and ensure the safety of people’s lives and property. Therefore, it is particularly important to strengthen the management of residual current operated protectors to ensure their correct action and reliable operation. 

2） 促进降损增效，有利于供电企业效益的提高。保护器的可靠运行，对降损增效，发挥了重要作用。通过时间比较，有些低压线损高的台区，就是保护器跳闸频繁，或者是保护器不能正常运行的台区，由于线路漏电电流较大，造成电量损失，给供电企业的降损增效工作增加了一定难度。

Promote loss reduction and efficiency enhancement, which is conducive to the improvement of the efficiency of power supply enterprises.The reliable operation of the protector plays an important role in reducing loss and increasing efficiency.Through time comparison, some stations with high low-voltage line loss are those where the protector trips frequently or the protector does not operate normally. Due to the large leakage current of the line, the power loss is caused, which will reduce the loss and increase the efficiency of the power supply company. Increased a certain degree of difficulty.

3） 促进安全隐患的消除，提高设备健康水平。要使保护器可靠运行，消除设备隐患是关键。一是要消灭无保护死角，使全局所有农村居民用户，达到总保护器的保护范围，无缝覆盖，其次是减少停电面，在部分用户多、用电量大的台区，安装二级保护装置，提高供电可靠性和保护器的投运率，及时发现和处理安全隐患；二是不断提高保护器的运行可靠性，将所有的变压器中性点接地线与变压器外壳接地共用的线要分开，保障保护器的稳定运行；三是加强配电区整治，提高设备的健康水平。

Promote the elimination of potential safety hazards and improve the health of equipment.To make the protector operate reliably, eliminating the hidden dangers of the equipment is the key. The first is to completely eliminate unprotected blind spots, so that all rural residents in the world can reach the protection range of the total protector and seamlessly cover. The second is to reduce power outages. In some areas with many users and high power consumption, install secondary protection The device can improve the reliability of power supply and the operating rate of the protector, and find and deal with hidden safety hazards in time; the second is to continuously improve the operating reliability of the protector, and completely separate all the transformer neutral ground wires from the common wire of the transformer shell grounding , To ensure the stable operation of the protector; the third is to strengthen the renovation of the power distribution area to improve the health of the equipment.

4） 有利于供电所管理和建设。通过安装漏电保护器后，缩小故障点，便于有针对性地排查，一般故障农户大多都能处理，台区管理员也从繁琐的工作中解脱出来，有利于供电所管理，使台区管理员把更多的精力放在营销管理、服务上来。

Conducive to the professional management and construction of power supply stations. After installing the leakage protector, the fault points can be reduced to facilitate targeted investigation. Most farmers can deal with the fault, and the station administrators are also free from the tedious work, which is conducive to the professional management of the power supply station and makes the station area easier. The administrator puts more energy on marketing management and quality service.

3. 产品概述 Product overview

常见的相与相间发生短路可以产生很大电流，可采用开关保护，而发生人体触电、线路老化而导致的电流泄露产生的火灾以及设备的接地故障都是由于漏电流所造成，漏电流一般都在30mA-3A，这些值很小，传统开关无法进行保护，所以要采用剩余电流动作保护装置。

The common phase-to-phase short circuit can generate a large current, which can be protected by a switch. However, the current leakage caused by human body electric shock and line aging and the ground fault of the equipment are caused by leakage current. The leakage current is generally At 30mA-3A, these values are so small that traditional switches cannot be protected, so a residual current-operated protection device must be used.

剩余电流继电器是由剩余电流互感器来检测剩余电流，并在规定条件下，当剩余电流达到或超过给定值时，使电器的一个或多个电气输出电路中的触点产生开闭动作的开关电器。

The residual current relay is a residual current transformer to detect the residual current, and under specified conditions, when the residual current reaches or exceeds a given value, one or more electrical output circuit contacts in the electrical appliance will open and close. Switch electrical appliances.

下面介绍三种常见的漏电情况。Here are three common leakage situations.

1、 防直接接触电击要采用I△n≤30mA的高灵敏度的RCD。

High-sensitivity RCD with I△n≤30mA must be used to prevent direct contact and electric shock.

2、 防间接接触电击可采用I△n大于30mA的中灵敏度的RCD。

The medium sensitivity RCD with I△n greater than 30mA can be used to prevent indirect contact electric shock.

3、 防火RCD需采用4极或2极RCD。

A 4-pole or 2-pole RCD shall be used for fireproof RCD.

对于IT系统，按规定采用剩余电流继电器。为防止系统绝缘降低和作为二次故障后备保护，依据接线型式，采用类似 TT 或 TN 系统的保护措施。首先应采用绝缘监视装置，预测一次故障。

For the IT systems, residual current relays are used as required. In order to prevent the insulation of the system from degrading and as a secondary fault backup protection, according to the wiring type, a protective measure similar to the TT or TN system is adopted. First, an insulation monitoring device should be used to predict a failure.

对于TT系统，推荐采用剩余电流继电器。因为当发生单相接地故障时，故障电流很小，且较难估计，达不到开关的动作电流，外壳上将出现危险电压。此时N线要穿过剩余电流互感器。

For the TT system, a residual current relay is recommended. Because when a single-phase ground fault occurs, the fault current is very small and difficult to estimate. If the operating current of the switch is not reached, a dangerous voltage will appear on the housing. At this time, the N wire must pass through the residual current transformer.

对于TN-S系统，可采用剩余电流继电器。更快速灵敏切断故障，以提高安全可靠性，此时 PE 线不得穿过互感器，N 线要穿互感器，且不得重复接地。 

For the TN-S system, a residual current relay can be used. Cut off the fault more quickly and sensitively to improve safety and reliability. At this time, the PE wire must not pass through the transformer, and the N wire must pass through the transformer, and it must not be grounded repeatedly.

对于TN-C系统，不能采用剩余电流继电器。因为 PE 线和 N 线合一，若 PEN 线不重复接地，当外壳带电，互感器进出电流相等，ASJ拒动；若PEN线重复接地，部分单相电流将流入重复接地，达一定值后，ASJ 误动。 需将TN-C系统改造成TN-C-S系统，同TN-S系统，再将剩余电流互感器接入TN-S系统中。

For TN-C systems, residual current relays cannot be used. Because the PE wire and the N wire are integrated, if the PEN wire is not repeatedly grounded, when the shell is energized, the current in and out of the transformer is equal, and the ASJ refuses to move; if the PEN wire is repeatedly grounded, part of the single-phase current will flow into the repeated grounding. After reaching a certain value, ASJ malfunctioned. It is necessary to transform the TN-C system into a TN-C-S system, which is the same as the TN-S system, and then connect the residual current transformer to the TN-S system.

4.产品简介  Product Introduction

安科瑞电气ASJ系列剩余电流继电器能够满足上述几种漏电情况的防护，与遥控跳闸开关联用，及时切断电源，防止间接接触、限制漏电电流。也可以直接作为信号继电器，监控电力设备。特别适用于学校、商厦、工厂车间、集贸市场、工矿企业、国家重点消防单位、智能大厦与小区，地铁、石油化工、电信及国防等部门用电的安全保护。

Acrel Electric's ASJ series residual current relay can meet the protection of the above-mentioned leakage conditions, and it can be used in conjunction with a remote trip switch to cut off the power supply in time to prevent indirect contact and limit the leakage current. It can also be directly used as a signal relay to monitor power equipment. It is especially suitable for the safety protection of electricity consumption in schools, commercial buildings, factory workshops, bazaars, industrial and mining enterprises, national key fire protection units, smart buildings and communities, subways, petrochemicals, telecommunications and national defense departments.

ASJ系列产品主要有两种安装方式，ASJ10系列为导轨安装，外形和功能如下表所示：

ASJ series products mainly have two installation methods. ASJ10 series are rail-mounted installations. The appearance and functions are shown in the following table:

ASJ20系列为面板安装，外形和功能如下表所示：

ASJ20 series are panel mounted, the appearance and function are shown in the table below

其中AC型和A型剩余电流继电器的区别是：AC型剩余电流继电器是对突然施加或缓慢上升的剩余正弦交流电流能确保脱扣的剩余电流继电器，主要监测正弦交流信号。A型剩余电流继电器是对突然施加的或缓慢上升的剩余正弦交流电流和剩余脉动直流电流能确保脱扣的剩余电流继电器，主要监测正弦交流信号和脉冲直流信号。 

Among them, the difference between AC type and A type residual current relay is: AC type residual current relay is a residual current relay that can ensure the tripping of the residual sinusoidal alternating current that is suddenly applied or slowly rising, and it mainly monitors sinusoidal alternating current signals. Type A residual current relay is a residual current relay that can ensure the tripping of residual sinusoidal alternating current and residual pulsating direct current that is applied suddenly or slowly, and mainly monitors sinusoidal alternating current signals and pulsed direct current signals.

仪表具体的接线端子和典型接线如下所示：

The specific wiring terminals and typical wiring of the instrument are as follows:

5.结语  Conclusion

漏电保护器的使用能够有效地避免居民触电的现象发生，同时能够提醒用户及时采取必要的防护措施，同时采用分级保护，可以有效减小故障点，避免更大的损失。ASJ系列剩余电流继电器产品能够监测线路中的漏电流，当漏电流达到或者超过设定值时，内部继电器动作，发出告警，并能与断路器开关联动，快速切断线路，保证线路安全。

The use of leakage protectors can effectively prevent residents from getting electric shock, and can remind users to take necessary protective measures in time. At the same time, the use of hierarchical protection can effectively reduce failure points and avoid greater losses. ASJ series residual current relay products can monitor the leakage current in the line. When the leakage current reaches or exceeds the set value, the internal relay will act to issue an alarm, and can be linked with the circuit breaker switch to quickly cut off the line to ensure line safety.

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